A Polysomnographic Study of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Architecture
Table 1
Demographic, clinical, and sleep variables of our PD cohort.
Variables
Mean (±SD)
Age
61.9 (10.9)
BMI
28 (3.9)
Disease duration
6.5 (6.7)
UPDRS
Part I
13.9 (6.1)
Part II
14 (8.5)
Part III
27.4 (18.4)
Part IV
2.3 (3.4)
LED, mg
635.4 (428.6)
Sleep-related variablesa
Mean ± SD
(minimum–maximum)
Sleep latency, min
29.7 ± 39.6 (1–221.5)
REM latency, min
187.3 ± 114.3 (0–468.5)
Sleep efficiency, %
68.1 ± 18.6 (6–94.3)
Total sleep time, min
345.4 ± 109.4 (6–94.3)
Stage 1, %
11.9 ± 9.7 (0–47)
Stage 2, %
61.2 ± 16.9 (16.8–100)
Stage 3, %
13.4 ± 10.2 (0–46.4)
REM, %
13.4 ± 7.6 (0–28.2)
AHI
19.9 ± 21.2 (0–75.4)
PLMI
39.4 ± 105.6 (0–540)
n = 55 (%)
Sleep disordersb
OSA
31 (56.6)
RBD
27 (49.1)
PLMD
13 (24.5)
Awakening/arousals
13 (23.6)
Male
34 (61.8)
Tremor-dominant PD subtype
42 (76.4)
H&Y stage
Mild
42 (76.4)
Moderate
19 (18.2)
Severe
03 (5.4)
Motor fluctuation of LID
26 (47)
Dopaminergic treatment
Levodopa therapy
42 (76.4)
Dopamine agonists
45 (81.8)
Polytherapy
33 (60)
Other medications
Antidepressants
17 (30.9)
Benzodiazepines
10 (18.2)
Amantadine
9 (16.4)
Sleep inductors
8 (14.5)
MAO-B inhibitors
6 (10.9)
Antipsychotics
1 (1.8)
aREM: rapid eye movement; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; PLMI: periodic limb movement index. bTwenty-three patients (41.6%) had more than one sleep disorder. Three patients had oxygen desaturation, three had ventricular extra systoles, and one had restless leg syndrome. OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; RBD = REM behavioral sleep disorder; PLMD = periodic limb movement disorder.
