Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on Daily Routine Driving Practice in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

The table shows patient characteristics of drivers at time of survey. Data are shown as means with standard deviation SD. Significant different frequencies between active and inactive drivers are labeled with an asterix (). “H&Y”: Hoehn and Yahr; “QoL”: quality of life.

	Time of survey
	All; ()	Active drivers; ()	Inactive drivers; ()	value
Age	65.2 9.4]	63.3 8.8]	67.0 9.7]	0.04
Gender (male) (%)	68.2	78.2	58.2	0.02
H&Y stage	3.0 0.9]	2.6 0.7]	3.5 1.0]	<0.001
MMSE (total points)	27.0 2.9]	28.0 1.7] ()	26.0 3.3]	<0.001
MMSE category (%)
Normal (>26)	71.6	83.3	60.0	0.008
Borderline (24–26)	20.2	14.8	25.5
Dementia likely (<24)	8.3	1.9	14.5
Disease duration (years)	16 6.5]	14.9 6.4]	17.1 6.4]	0.08
Driving experience (years)	39.1 13.3]	41.0 12.0]	37.0 14.4]	0.12
Duration of DBS (years)	4.1 3.2]	3.5 2.7]	4.7 3.6]	0.05
Dependency on a car (%)	46.3	70.9	20.8	<0.001
QoL reduced without driving (%)	61.1	81.8	39.6	<0.001
Could rely on another driver (%)	82.7	83.6	81.8	0.80
Total benefit from DBS (%)	92.7	98.2	87.3	0.02
Would do DBS again (%)	90.0	98.2	81.8	0.002