Mortality in Iranian Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Cumulative Impact of Cardiovascular Comorbidities as One Major Risk Factor

Table 2

Cox regression models to find independent factors predicting mortality in recruited Parkinson’s disease patients.

Variables	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
	Hazard ratio (HR)	95% CI for HR		value	Hazard ratio (HR)	95% CI for HR		value	Hazard ratio (HR)	95% CI for HR		value
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Male gender	0.79	0.17	3.66	0.766	0.60	0.16	2.22	0.442	0.56	0.15	2.08	0.385
Dementia	0.62	0.06	6.19	0.685	0.45	0.05	3.89	0.470	0.51	0.06	4.58	0.549
Depression	0.51	0.12	2.09	0.346	0.63	0.17	2.32	0.491	0.49	0.12	1.93	0.306
Respiratory diseases	0.22	0.02	3.32	0.275	0.71	0.08	5.99	0.754	0.46	0.05	4.27	0.498
Hypertension	2.74	0.60	12.64	0.195	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Diabetes	0.87	0.13	5.61	0.882	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Heart failure	2.61	0.57	12.10	0.219	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Stroke	13.13	2.40	71.74	0.003	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Having cardiovascular comorbidity	—	—	—	—	4.60	1.13	18.72	0.033	—	—	—	—
Number of cardiovascular comorbidities	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.75	1.45	5.21	0.002