The Effect of Visual Feedback on Writing Size in Parkinson’s Disease

Table 2

Size of writing in the presence and absence of visual feedback.

	Controls	PD patients	Difference ( value)
Vertical writing size
+ feedback (cm)	0.33 (0.12)	0.31 (0.11)	0.48
− feedback (cm)	0.38 (0.13)	0.38 (0.13)	0.78
Difference ( value)	<0.01	<0.01
Ratio −/+ feedback (%)	118 ()	122 ()	0.32
Horizontal writing size
+ feedback (cm)	12.7 (2.3)	11.5 (2.7)	0.11
− feedback (cm)	14.0 (2.8)	13.2 (2.9)	0.44
Difference ( value)	<0.01	<0.01
Ratio −/+ feedback (%)	111 ()	117 ()	0.23
Summed word length without interspacing
+ feedback (cm)	9.3 (1.8)	8.4 (2.0)	0.08
− feedback (cm)	10.2 (2.1)	9.2 (2.1)	0.09
Difference ( value)	<0.01	0.02
Ratio −/+ feedback (%)	110 ()	110 ()	0.89

Data presented as means with standard deviation in parentheses where appropriate; PD: Parkinson’s disease.