Insula Volume and Salience Network Are Associated with Memory Decline in Parkinson Disease: Complementary Analyses of Voxel-Based Morphometry versus Volume of Interest

Table 1

Clinical and demographic characteristics of the PD-MCI patients.

	PD-MCI, , mean (SD)
Age (yr)	68.1 ± 8.4
Education (yr)	6.5 ± 1.2
Men (%)	47.8%
PD duration (yr)	4.8 ± 2.2
Hoehn and Yahr	Stage 1 = 7
	Stage 2 = 15
	Stage 3 = 1
UPDRS-III	29.8 ± 16.6
MMSE	24.0 ± 3.8
CASI	77.9 ± 11.6
Concentration	5.8 ± 2.9
Attention	7.0 ± 1.0
Orientation	16.4 ± 2.3
Long-term memory	9.8 ± 0.6
Short-term memory	8.0 ± 3.3
Abstraction	7.7 ± 2.6
Visual construction	7.7 ± 2.6
List-generating fluency	6.3 ± 2.1
Language abilities	8.8 ± 1.5
PDD-short screen	12.9 ± 4.6
Immediate free-recall verbal memory	3.7 ± 1.4
Alternating verbal fluency	1.4 ± 0.8
Questionnaire	3.9 ± 1.1
Clock-drawing task	2.2 ± 1.6
Delayed free-recall verbal memory	2.0 ± 1.7

CASI: cognitive abilities screening instrument; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; PD: Parkinson disease; PDD: PD dementia.