Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Cortical and Subcortical Regions in Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the PD patients and normal controls.

	PD	Control	P value
Age (years)	62.7 ± 7.4	65.6 ± 6.9	0.173
Gender (male/female)	12/12	11/11	1.0
Education (years)	13.6 ± 3.1	12.9 ± 3.7	0.411
Duration of disease	7.0 ± 3.3	—
H&Y	2.2 ± 0.9	—
MDS-UPDRS Part III	22.0 ± 7.0	—
MMSE	27.3 ± 2.1	28.6 ± 1.6	0.101
MoCA	25.9 ± 3.7	25.4 ± 2.5	0.702
UPSIT	20.7 ± 4.2	28.2 ± 7.3	<0.01

H & Y: Hoehn & Yahr staging; MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPSIT: University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. P values were derived from Student’s t-test comparing the two groups except for that was derived using the chi-squared test.