Parkinson’s Disease

Review Article

Quantitative EEG and Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease

Table 3

Markers which significantly correlated with various cognitive assessment tools in PD.


Author(s)	Age, mean		Correlation	Fisher’s (95% CI)

Bosboom et al. 2006 [48]	71.7	13 PD-wD patients	Left occipital theta (4–8 Hz) versus CAMCOG	−0.70 (−1.32, 0.08)
			Right occipital theta (4–8 Hz) versus CAMCOG	−0.67 (−1.29, 0.05)
			Right temporal theta (4–8 Hz)	−0.68 (−1.30, 0.06)

Caviness et al. 2007 [35]	76.4	66 PD-wD patients	GRP delta (1.5–3.9 Hz) versus MMSE	−0.51 (−0.76, −0.26)
			GRP alpha (8–12.9 Hz) versus MMSE	0.34 (0.10, 0.59)
			Peak background frequency versus MMSE	0.42 (0.18, 0.67)

Stoffers et al. 2008 [50]	59.4	18 de novo PD patients	Relative low alpha (8–10 Hz) versus redundancy of the second order (Vienna perseveration) in bilateral central and parietal regions	−0.11 (−0.19, −0.01)

Morita et al. 2011 [40]	67.6	100 PD patients	Spectral ratio (SR) at Fp location (electrode positions Fp1 and Fp2) versus MMSE	0.30 (0.10, 0.50)
			SR at F location (electrode positions F3, F4, F7, and F8) versus MMSE	0.32 (0.12, 0.52)
			SR at C location (electrode positions C3 and C4) versus MMSE	0.28 (0.08, 0.48)
			SR at P location (electrode positions P3 and P4) versus MMSE	0.32 (0.12, 0.52)
			SR at T location (electrode positions T3, T4, T5, and T6) versus MMSE	0.32 (0.12, 0.52)
			SR at O location (electrode positions O1 and O2) versus MMSE	0.35 (0.16, 0.55)

Babiloni et al. 2011 [39]	72.0	13 PD-D patients	Relative alpha1 (8–10.5 Hz) in parietal regions (Brodmann areas 5, 7, 30, 39, 40, and 43) versus MMSE	0.35 (−0.27, 0.97)
			Relative alpha1 (8–10.5 Hz) in occipital regions (Brodmann areas 5, 7, 30, 39, 40, and 43) versus MMSE	0.44 (−0.18, 1.05)

Fonseca et al. 2015 [45]	68.8	31 PD-wD patients	Absolute powers: delta (0.8–3.9 Hz), theta (4.29–7.8 Hz), alpha (8.2–12.5 Hz), and beta (12.9–36.3 Hz) versus neuropsychiatric inventory	No significant correlation with any marker

Zimmermann et al. 2014 [47]	67.6	48 PD-wD patients	Median frequency versus episodic and long term memory cognitive domain (CD)	0.60 (0.31, 0.90)
			Median frequency versus overall cognitive score	0.51 (0.22, 0.80)
			Median frequency versus fluency CD	0.41 (0.12, 0.70)
			Median frequency versus attention CD	0.39 (0.10, 0.68)
			Median frequency versus executive functions CD	0.35 (0.06, 0.65)

Original data not available in the publications. Fisher’s calculated from correlation coefficient and sample size (Lipsey and Wilson, 2001 [60]).
Sum of absolute power values for alpha (8.20–12.89 Hz) and beta (13.28–30.8 Hz); waves divided by the sum of absolute power values for delta (1.17–3.91 Hz) and theta (4.3–7.81 Hz).
Parameter, which includes a set of cognitive tests from a specific cognitive category, for example. memory and attention.
Parameter, which includes an average of 26 cognitive tests from all cognitive domains.
CAMCOG: Cambridge Cognition Examination; GRP: global relative power; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; PD-D: Parkinson’s disease with dementia; PD-wD: Parkinson’s disease without dementia.