Management of Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Emphasizing Clinical Subtypes and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Condition

Table 8

Summary of published reports of electroconvulsive therapy for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in subjects with Parkinson’s disease.

Study	Sample	Neuropsychiatric disorder	Measurements	Findings
Nishioka et al., 2014	4	Psychosis	NPI HAM-D	Improvement of 89.8% in the NPI
				Improvement of 81.1% in the HAM-D
Sadananda et al., 2013	1	Psychosis	PANNS	Improvement of 77.3% in the PANNS
Muhammad et al., 2012	1	Obsessive-compulsive disorder	Clinical impression	Improvement
Usui et al., 2011	8	Psychosis	SAPS	Improvement of 65.8% in the mean SAPS total
Ducharme et al., 2011	1	Depression	Clinical impression	Improvement
Ueda et al. 2010	5	Psychosis	BPRS HAM-D	Improvement of 89.2% in the BPRS
				Improvement of 83.8% in the HAM-D
Bailine et al. 2008	1	Psychotic depression	Clinical impression	Improvement
Lance et al., 1998	1	Depression	Clinical impression	Improvement
Mollentine et al., 1998	25	Depression and/or psychosis, dementia	BPRS HAM-D
Nymeyer et al., 1997	1	Depression	Clinical impression	Improvement
Factor et al., 1995	2	Depression and/or psychosis	Clinical impression	Improvement
Sandky et al., 1993	1	Psychotic depression	Clinical impression	Modest improvement
Oh et al., 1992	11	Depression and/or psychosis	Clinical impression	82% of the patients improved
Zwil et al., 1992	8	Depression and/or psychosis
Friedman et al., 1992	5	Depression and/or psychosis	Clinical impression	Improvement
Stern, 1991	1	Depression	Clinical impression	Improvement
Liberzon et al., 1990	1	Psychotic depression	Clinical impression	Improvement

NPI: neuropsychiatric inventory; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; PANNS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SAPS: Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; reference: Calderón-Fajardo et al., 2015 [137].