Research Article
Evolution of Orofacial Symptoms and Disease Progression in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Longitudinal Data from the Jönköping Parkinson Registry
Table 1
Baseline, demographic, and clinical characteristics of the study population with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) (
).
| | Characteristic | Value |
| | Sex-male (%) | 61.5% | | Age (at baseline) (yr) mean (SD) | 64.7 (9.9) | | Disease duration (yr) mean (SD) | 6.6 (5.5) | | Follow-up time (yr) mean (SD) | 3.5 (2.9) | | Baseline symptoms (%) | | | Resting tremor | 76.9% | | Bradykinesia | 73.4% | | Rigidity | 76.2% | | Fall | 18.2% | | Freezing | 13.3% | | Dyskinesia | 23.8% | | Wearing off | 14.7% | | Postural instability | 8.4% | | Visual impairment | 19.6% | | Hyposmia | 9.1% | | Urinary urgency | 21.7% | | Orthostatic hypotension | 12.6% | | Voice changes | 16.8% | | Depression | 18.2% | | UPDRS score (at baseline) mean (SD) | | | Part I | 0.8 (1.3) | | Part II | 9.3 (5.0) | | Part III | 21.7 (12.3) | | Part IV | 0.5 (1.7) | | Total | 32.3 (15.0) | | Type of medication (%) | | | Levodopa | 85.3% | | Dopamine agonist | 49.2% | | MAO-B inhibitor | 13.2% | | Other dopaminergics | 5.6% | | Orofacial symptoms (during follow-up) (%) | | | Drooling | 55.3% | | Speech problems | 65.5% | | Swallowing difficulties | 34.5% | | Facial expression | 91.6% |
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SD: standard deviation; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.
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