Cognitive Training and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline demographic information for the intervention and control groups.
Standard CT
Tailored CT
tDCS
Standard CT + tDCS
Standard CT + tDCS
Control
Group differences
Outcome
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
F
p
Gender (%, ♀)
43% ()
57% ()
71% ()
71% ()
71% ()
57% ()
0.36
0.87
Age++
68.14
8.69
65.57
5.20
72
6.45
63.57
15.68
67.43
6.37
72.29
6.21
0.80
0.56
Education++
13.57
2.64
12.21
2.83
13.57
3.69
15.50
3.35
15.86
1.35
11.71
2.98
2.34
0.06
Premorbid IQ
103.29
6.96
107.21
12
108.21
5.83
111.96
4.37
111.08
3.59
103.64
7.53
1.76
0.15
Disease Duration++
5.29
4.23
5.79
4.97
5.50
5.66
6.79
4.60
4.43
2.70
5.36
4.14
0.20
0.96
LED
295
313.40
383
178.62
573.29
586.25
350.71
322.37
464.29
358.78
292.88
274.51
0.64
0.68
DASS-D
2.29
2.56
1.29
1.50
3
2
3
5.07
3.29
4.11
2.71
3.15
0.34
0.89
M = mean; SD = standard deviation; F = ANOVA; p = level of statistical significance; N = number of participants; LED = levodopa equivalent dose; DASS-D = Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (Depression subscale); IQ = intelligence quotient; CT = cognitive training; tDCS = transcranial direct current stimulation; ♀ = male gender; ++ = years.
