Dietary Variations in a Multiethnic Parkinson’s Disease Cohort and Possible Influences on Nonmotor Aspects: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study
Table 1
Characteristics in the entire population and subcohorts according to ethnicity.
Entire population ()
White ()
Asian ()
BAC ()
value (between White, Asian, and BAC)
Mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
Mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
Mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
Mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
Age (years)
66.8 ± 11.6
67 (58–75)
66.8 ± 12.5
72 (56–76)
66.6 ± 11.9
68 (62–76)
66.9 ± 9.9
66 (58–75)
0.947
Gender, male (%)
61.2
54.5
70.6
64.1
0.268
Disease duration (years)
6.2 ± 5.2
5 (3–9)
6.3 ± 4.2
5 (3–9)
7.8 ± 7.3
5 (3–11)
4.6 ± 4.2
3 (1–7)
0.028
Hoehn and Yahr (median and IQR)
3 (2-3)
3 (2-3)
3 (2-3)
2 (2-3)
0.717
LEDD (mg)
687.5 ± 564.2
580 (350–890)
737.5 ± 631.5
579 (400–883)
763.5 ± 520.7
625 (415–1000)
536.7 ± 453.4
400 (300–700)
0.046
BMI (kg/m2)
27.2 ± 5.8
27 (23–30)
27.2 ± 6.0
26 (23–30)
26.0 ± 4.30
27 (23–29)
28.2 ± 6.5
27 (23–31)
0.665
Abbreviations: = number; BAC = Black African and Caribbean; BMI = body mass index; LEDD = levodopa equivalent daily dose; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range. The Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to test differences between the three different ethnic groups.
