Reliability and Validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Italian Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Main demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample ().

Variables	Values
Age (years)^a	66.9 ± 9.7
Gender^b
(i) Male	44 (59.5%)
(ii) Female	30 (40.5%)
Depression^b
(i) Presence	23 (31.1%)
(ii) Absence	51 (68.9%)
Medications prescribed to depressed subjects (N=23)^b
(i) Antidepressant	11 (47.8%)
(ii) Anxiolytic	10 (43.5%)
(iii) No medications	2 (8.7%)
Educational level^b
(i) Primary	9 (12.2%)
(ii) Secondary	17 (23%)
(iii) High school	33 (44.6%)
(iv) Degree	13 (17.6%)
(v) Not reported	3 (4.1%)
Employment^b
(i) Employed	13 (17.6%)
(ii) Not employed	4 (5.4%)
(iii) Retired	57 (77%)
Marital status^b
(i) Married	56 (75.6%)
(ii) Unmarried	17 (23%)
(iii) Not reported	1 (1.4%)
Time since PD diagnosis (years)^a	7.8 ± 5.6
Hoehn and Yahr stage^c	3 (2; 3)
Setting^b
(i) Department	20 (27%)
(ii) Ambulatory	53 (71.6%)
(iii) Day-hospital	1 (1.4%)
MMSE score^c	29 (27.25; 30)
HADS-A score^c	7 (4; 10)
HADS-D score^c	7 (4; 10)
HADS total score^c	15 (10; 20)
GDS total score^c	13 (6; 19)
PDQ-39 subscale score^c
(i) Mobility	17.5 (7.5; 25.75)
(ii) Activities of daily living	10 (4; 15.75)
(iii) Emotional well-being	9 (5; 14)
(iv) Stigma	4 (2; 8)
(v) Social support	1 (0; 3.75)
(vi) Cognition	5 (2; 8)
(vii) Communication	3 (1.25; 6)
(viii) Bodily discomfort	4 (2; 7)
PDQ-39 total score^c	59 (31.25; 76)
SF-36^c	95 (86.25; 102)
Barthel Index^c	85 (75; 95)

Data are expressed as ^amean ± standard deviation, ^bfrequency with percentage, or ^cmedian with 25th and 75th percentiles. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale of Anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale of Depression; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; PDQ-39: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; SF-36: Short Form 36-Health Survey Questionnaire.