Research Article
Investigation of Nonmotor Symptoms in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Different Clinical Types of Parkinson’s Disease
Table 2
Comparison of NMS between the FDR groups of EOP and LOP.
| | | FDR of patients with EOP () | FDR of patients with LOP () | Comparison between the two groups | Power | | OR (95% CI) | value |
| | RLS, (%) | 8 (22.3%) | 29 (13.2%) | 2.15 (0.88–5.25) | 0.094 | 0.27 | | RBD, (%) | 6 (16.7%) | 26 (11.8%) | 2.93 (0.96–8.92) | 0.058 | 0.12 | | Daytime sleepiness, (%) | 5 (13.9%) | 15 (6.8%) | 3.40 (1.00–11.48) | 0.049 | 0.27 | | Constipation, (%) | 4 (11.1%) | 24 (10.9%) | 1.55 (0.46–5.24) | 0.484 | 0.05 | | Sleep disorders, (%) | 3 (8.3%) | 37 (16.8%) | 0.98 (0.28–3.42) | 0.977 | 0.30 | | Cognitive impairment, (%) | 9 (25.0%) | 58 (26.4%) | 2.16 (0.80–5.84) | 0.133 | 0.05 | | Possible MCI (MoCA 22–25), (%) | 9 (25.0%) | 46 (20.9%) | 2.57 (0.99–6.68) | 0.053 | 0.08 | | Possible dementia (MoCA ≤ 21), (%) | 0 | 12 (5.5%) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 0.227 | 0.74 | | Depression, (%) | 6(16.7%) | 26(12.3%) | 1.72 (0.62–4.77) | 0.294 | 0.11 | | Mild depression (BDI-II 14–19), (%) | 1 (2.8%) | 14 (6.4%) | 0.37 (0.04–3.41) | 0.414 | 0.17 | | Moderate to severe depression (BDI-II ≥20), (%) | 5 (13.9%) | 12 (5.9%) | 4.08 (1.12–14.92) | 0.033 | 0.32 | | Anxiety, (%) | 16(44.4%) | 49(22.2%) | 4.22 (1.87–9.52) | 0.001 | 0.76 | | Mild anxiety (SAS 50–59), (%) | 8 (22.2%) | 39 (17.7%) | 1.76 (0.70–4.40) | 0.229 | 0.09 | | Moderate to severe anxiety (SAS ≥ 60), (%) | 8 (22.2%) | 10 (4.5%) | 9.37 (2.86–30.67) | <0.001 | 0.86 |
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Abbreviations: NMS, nonmotor symptoms; FDR, first-degree relatives; CI, confidence interval; EOP, early-onset Parkinson’s disease; LOP, late-onset Parkinson’s disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; RBD, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; RLS, restless legs syndrome; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.
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