Research Article
Investigation of Nonmotor Symptoms in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Different Clinical Types of Parkinson’s Disease
Table 4
Comparison of NMS between the FDR groups of TDP and NTDP.
| | | FDR of patients with TDP () | FDR of patients with NTDP () | Comparison between the two groups | Power | | OR (95% CI) | value |
| | RLS, (%) | 21 (16.4%) | 16 (12.5%) | 1.50 (0.72–3.11) | 0.280 | 0.14 | | RBD, (%) | 25 (19.5%) | 7 (5.5%) | 11.65 (3.82–35.54) | <0.001 | 0.94 | | Daytime sleepiness, (%) | 12 (9.4%) | 8 (6.3%) | 2.82 (0.97–8.17) | 0.056 | 0.16 | | Constipation, (%) | 20 (15.6%) | 8 (6.3%) | 4.94 (1.85–13.21) | 0.001 | 0.67 | | Sleep disorders, (%) | 23 (18.0%) | 17 (13.3%) | 4.51 (1.73–11.78) | 0.002 | 0.18 | | Cognitive impairment, (%) | 58 (29.7%) | 29 (22.7%) | 3.55 (1.62–7.77) | 0.002 | 0.25 | | Possible MCI (MoCA 22–25), (%) | 33 (25.8%) | 22 (17.2%) | 3.19 (1.51–6.74) | 0.002 | 0.39 | | Possible dementia (MoCA ≤ 21), (%) | 5 (3.9%) | 7 (5.5%) | 2.64 (0.53–13.08) | 0.235 | 0.10 | | Depression, (%) | 17 (13.3%) | 16 (12.6) | 1.16 (0.53–2.53) | 0.717 | 0.05 | | Mild depression (BDI-II 14–19), (%) | 7 (5.5%) | 8 (6.3%) | 0.83 (0.28–2.48) | 0.738 | 0.06 | | Moderate to severe depression (BDI-II ≥20), (%) | 10 (7.8%) | 8 (6.3%) | 1.64 (0.53–5.13) | 0.392 | 0.08 | | Anxiety, (%) | 40 (31.2%) | 25 (19.6%) | 2.49 (1.32–4.71) | 0.005 | 0.56 | | Mild anxiety (SAS 50–59), (%) | 30 (23.4%) | 17 (13.3%) | 2.52 (1.24–5.15) | 0.011 | 0.55 | | Moderate to severe anxiety (SAS ≥ 60), (%) | 10 (7.8%) | 8 (6.3%) | 1.79 (0.62–5.13) | 0.279 | 0.08 |
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Abbreviations: NMS, nonmotor symptoms; FDR, first-degree relatives; CI, confidence interval; TDP, tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease; NTDP, non-tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; RBD, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; RLS, restless legs syndrome; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.
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