Enhanced Motivational Modulation of Motor Behaviour with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of participants.

	STN-DBS PD	MED PD	HP
Disease duration (years)	14 (1.5)	4.8 (1.6)	—
Total motor UPDRS	OFF 41.6 (4.9)	OFF 30.4 (3)	—
	ON 21.9 (2.3)	ON 15.3 (2.1)
LED	320 (40)	393 (44)	—
MAS	38.5 (2.2)	32.2 (2.8)	30.1 (1.5)
BDI	8.8 (1.2)	10.7 (1.4)	5.8 (1.6)
MMSE	29.1 (0.5)	29.5 (0.2)	29.8 (0.1)

Data are given as a mean and standard error within the brackets. Abbreviations: STN-DBS PD, PD patients on STN DBS; MED PD, medicated PD patients; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson Disease Scale; LED, L-Dopa Equivalent Dose in milligrams; MAS, Marin Apathy Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Examination.