Predictive Factors of Concerns about Falling in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

Table 4

Multivariable linear regression analyses with FES-I (at 3-year follow-up) as the dependent variable: model II (adjusted for FES-I scores at baseline), N = 151.

Independent variables^a	B (95% CI)	value	β (standardized B)
Dual task: balance problems (yes = 1)	4.62 (1.19, 8.05)	0.009	0.161
Age (years)	0.204 (0.038, 0.371)	0.017	0.131
Sex (woman = 1)	3.07 (0.098, 6.05)	0.043	0.105
ADL: needing help (PADLS, yes = 1)	3.93 (−0.296, 8.15)	0.068	0.116
	R square 63.8%; adjusted R square 62.6%

FES-I = Falls Efficacy Scale-International; ADL = activities of daily living; PADLS = Parkinson’s disease ADL scale (those who scored >2 were classified as needing help from others in daily activities). ^aThe following 17 independent variables were included in the initial model: age; sex; severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms; motor fluctuations; need help in ADL; use of mobility device outdoors; walking difficulties; a history of falls; freezing of gait; balance problems while dual tasking; orthostatism; living alone; cognitive functioning; general self-efficacy; pain; depressive symptoms; and fatigue. Statistically significant values are bolded.