|
| METFORMIN |
|
| Yes | No | Yes |
| Animal studies: Katila et al. [25], Ryu et al. [84], Ismael et al. [85], Patil et al. [86], Choi et al. [87] | Human trials: Kuan et al. [88] | Cell culture studies: Fitzgerald et al. [89] |
|
| GLP-1 Agonist (Exenatide/Liraglutide/Semaglutide) | | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Animal studies: Zhang et al. [90], Bassil et al. [27], Cao et al. [91], Hansen et al. [92], Kim et al. [93], Li et al. [94], Bertilsson et al. [95], Harkavyi et al. [96] | Human trials: Athauda et al. [97], Bassil et al. [90], Aviles-Olmos et al. [98], Aviles-Olmos et al. [99] | Cell culture studies: Jalewa et al. [100], Perry et al. [101] |
|
| GIP Agonist (D-Ala2-GIP-glu-PAL) | | |
| Yes | | Yes |
| Animal studies: Feng et al. [102], Li et al. [103] | Cell culture studies: Jalewa et al. [100] |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | | |
| Yes | Yes | |
| Animal studies: Abdelsalam et al. [104], Pipatpiboon et al. [105] | Human trials: Svenningsson et al. [106] |
|
| Sulphonylurea | | |
| No | No | No |
| Animal studies: Obata et al. [26], Kou et al. [107] | Human trials: Wahlqvist et al. [47] | Cell culture studies: Tai et al. [108] |
|
| Thiazolidinediones | | |
| Yes | No consensus | Yes |
| Animal studies: Pinto et al. [28], Martinez et al. [109] Ren et al. [110], Barbiero et al. [111], Pisanu et al. [112], Quinn et al. [113], Hunter et al. [114], Dehmer et al. [115], Breidert et al. [116] | Human trials: Brakedal et al. [117], Brauer et al. [118], Ninds Exploratory trials in Parkinson’s disease FS-ZONE, Investigators et al. [119], Simon et al. [120] | Cell culture studies: Jung et al. [121], Xing et al. [122] |
|
