Five-Year Clinical Outcomes of Local versus General Anesthesia Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

Table 3

Comparison of postoperative outcomes following combined DBS and levodopa effectiveness between two groups at 5 years.

	GA			LA			P value
	Levodopa off/DBS off	Levodopa on/DBS on	Improvement (%)	Levodopa off/DBS off	Levodopa on/DBS on	Improvement (%)
UPDRS	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	(%)
Part I	4.8 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 1.7	39.9 ± 27.7	5 ± 2	2.8 ± 2.1	42.3 ± 28.1	0.66
Part II	26.1 ± 8.5	10.9 ± 4.9	55.7 ± 18.7	23.7 ± 9.2	9.2 ± 6.4	57.4 ± 22.4	0.86
Part III	50.4 ± 12.2	23.5 ± 9	53.5 ± 14.9	48.1 ± 14.1	18.9 ± 7.5	59.1 ± 13.1	0.38
Brady	20.8 ± 3.9	12.5 ± 4.7	40.5 ± 17.6	20.7 ± 5.9	11 ± 3.9	44.7 ± 19.5	0.47
Tremor	7.2 ± 6.3	1 ± 1.6	75.8 ± 33.7	5.4 ± 4.5	0.3 ± 0.6	84.1 ± 35.9	0.1
Rigidity	10.2 ± 3.8	3.2 ± 2.6	70.2 ± 21.8	10.4 ± 4.3	1.5 ± 1.5	84 ± 16.3	0.07
Posture and gait	4.3 ± 1.4	2.6 ± 1.2	40.2 ± 23	4.4 ± 1.4	2.2 ± 1.2	47.6 ± 25.5	0.18
Axial	10.1 ± 3.3	5.8 ± 2.4	42.4 ± 19.2	9.9 ± 4.1	5.1 ± 2.7	44.2 ± 21.6	0.59
Part IV	5 ± 2.4	2.4 ± 1.8	28.2 ± 85.5	5.6 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 1.6	67.4 ± 27	0.07
Total	86.4 ± 21.5	39.6 ± 12.6	53.2 ± 13.3	82.4 ± 25.2	32.7 ± 14.9	58.5 ± 14.2	0.27
H&Y stage	3.5 ± 0.8	2.4 ± 0.4	28.3 ± 17.3	3.5 ± 1	2.6 ± 0.6	22.9 ± 18.3	0.36
ADL score	56.4 ± 21.5	86.8 ± 9.9	35.3 ± 22.8	56.4 ± 25.9	87.9 ± 18.1	37.2 ± 23.9	0.87

UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr; ADL: activities of daily living; GA: general anesthesia; LA: local anesthesia.