Research Article
Five-Year Clinical Outcomes of Local versus General Anesthesia Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
Table 4
Comparison of adverse effects between GA and LA groups.
| | Postoperative morbidity | GA | LA | P value | | (%) | | (%) |
| | Mortality | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | Adverse effects related to stimulation | | Hypophonia | 5 | 22.7 | 1 | 7.1 | 0.18 | | Increased libido | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14.3 | 0.16 | | Decreased memory | 3 | 13.6 | 1 | 7.1 | 0.55 | | Paresthesia | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Dyskinesia | 2 | 9.1 | 4 | 28.6 | 0.18 | | Dysarthria | 3 | 13.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 |
| | General neurological and surgical complications | | Mania/hypomania | 2 | 9.1 | 1 | 7.1 | 0.84 | | Perioperative confusion | 2 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.16 | | Weight gain | 8 | 36.4 | 5 | 35.7 | 0.96 | | Pulmonary edema | 1 | 4.5 | 1 | 7.1 | 0.74 | | Asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 |
| | Hardware-related complications | | Lead problems | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Leads that needed to be repositioned (unilateral) | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Infections of the hardware | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Required removal of the system | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Swelling region of the IPG/extension cables | 1 | 4.5 | 1 | 7.1 | 0.74 | | Battery failure | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | | Wire revision | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 |
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GA: general anesthesia; LA: local anesthesia; IPG: implantable pulse generator.
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