Rate of Progression in Activity and Participation Outcomes in Exercisers with Parkinson’s Disease: A Five-Year Prospective Longitudinal Study

Table 1

Demographic and outcome measures at baseline for the total sample and differences between analyzed and excluded samples across baseline variables.

	Total sample mean (SD) (n = 78)	Analyzed sample mean (SD) (n = 55)	Excluded sample mean (SD) (n = 23)
Age (years)	66.73 (8.47)	66.84 (8.04)	66.48 (9.61)	0.87
Age at PD diagnosis (years)	61.59 (9.89)	61.36 (9.64)	62.13 (10.67)	0.76
Male sex, n (%)	55 (70.5)	39 (70.9)	16 (69.6)	1.00
Hoehn and Yahr stage	2.00 (1.00)	1.00 (1.00)	2.00 (2.00)	0.02
Months after diagnosis	62.50 (63.00)	67.00 (85.00)	54.00 (56.00)	0.66
PIGD subtype n (%)	29 (37)	16 (29)	13 (57)	0.04
Minutes of exercise per week	265.36 (142.77)	259.56 (112.27)	284.12 (217.78)	0.66
CWT (m/s)	1.23 (0.25)	1.25 (0.24)	1.17 (0.25)	0.19
6MWT (meters)	457.33 (110.90)	475.15 (110.25)	414.71 (102.55)	0.03
ABC (%)	88.75 (21.09)	88.75 (20.00)	88.75 (28.13)	0.57
Mini-BESTest	24.00 (6.00)	24.00 (4.00)	22.00 (6.00)	<0.00
UPDRS II	12.18 (5.15)	11.96 (5.29)	12.70 (4.88)	0.57
PDQ-39 summary index (%)	14.95 (15.53)	14.58 (13.49)	16.98 (18.07)	0.43

Median (IQR). PD = Parkinson’s disease; PIGD = postural instability gait/difficulty; CWT = comfortable 10-meter walk test; 6MWT = six-minute walk test; ABC = activities-specific balance confidence scale; Mini-BESTest = Mini-Balance Evaluations System Test; UPDRS = unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale; PDQ-39 = 39-item Parkinson’s disease questionnaire.