Erectile Dysfunction Preceding Clinically Diagnosed α-Synucleinopathies: A Case-Control Study in Olmsted County

Table 1

Association between α-synucleinopathies and preceding erectile dysfunction.

Type	Cases	Controls	Primary model		Secondary model
			OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
All α-synucleinopathies	92 (32.6%)	70 (25.0%)	1.47 (0.99–2.16)	0.06	1.49 (0.99–2.24)	0.06
PD	52 (27.8%)	44 (23.8%)	1.19 (0.74–1.90)	0.47	1.31 (0.78–2.18)	0.31
DLB	26 (46.4%)	15 (26.8%)	2.83 (1.12–7.19)	0.03	2.74 (1.04–7.21)	0.04
PDD	9 (33.3%)	10 (37.0%)	0.8 (0.22–2.98)	0.74	0.422 (0.07–2.54)	0.34
MSA	5 (41.7%)	1 (8.3%)	—	0.03	—	—

Primary model: unadjusted. Secondary model: adjusted for diabetes, smoking (ever versus never), and coffee (ever versus never) using forward stepwise selection. Because there were not enough individuals in the MSA control group with ED, we could not do conditional logistic regression. Therefore, we used McNemar’s test to calculate if MSA cases were different than the controls. MSA X² = 4.5.