Sicca Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: Association with Other Nonmotor Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life

Figure 1

(a) The histogram shows the frequency of autonomic symptoms according to the Survey of Autonomic Symptoms (SASs) A subscore. Accordingly, the patients had a mean of 3.3 (SD 1.9) (range 0–8) autonomic symptoms. (b) Percentage of positive items in the SAS (in descending frequency order). Among the autonomic symptoms assessed with the SAS, the sicca symptoms were the most commonly reported followed by sexual dysfunction in men, leaking of urine, vasomotor dysfunction, constipation, sudomotor dysfunction, and orthostatic symptoms.

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