Detection of Phosphorylated Alpha-Synuclein in the Muscularis Propria of the Gastrointestinal Tract Is a Sensitive Predictor for Parkinson’s Disease
Table 1
Clinical profiles of PD patients.
Patient
Sex
Diagnosis/operation
Age at operation
Digestive symptoms
Age at PD onset (initial symptoms)
Biopsy site
P1
M
GC/DG
75
Constipation
75 (dysphagia)
P2
M
GC/DG
78
Constipation
79 (gait disturbance)
P3
M
GC/DG
59
Nausea
71 (resting tremor)
P4
F
CP/EMR
64
Fecal occult blood
73 (resting tremor)
Descending colon
P5
M
CP/EMR
58
Fecal occult blood
60 (resting tremor)
Descending colon
P6
F
GP/EMR
45
Nausea
53 (gait disturbance)
Corpus
P7
F
GP/EMR
52
Constipation
53 (gait disturbance)
Corpus
GC, gastric cancer; DG, distal gastrectomy; CP, colon polyp; GP, gastric polyp; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection. Digestive symptoms shown before the operation. The initial motor symptoms of PD are also described.
