| | Characteristics | Total |
| | Number of participants | 153,165 | | Age (years) | 52.8 ± 8.3 | | Male sex | 98,434 (64.3) | | Income level | | Fifth quintile (highest) | 62,799 (41.0) | | Fourth quintile | 30,365 (19.8) | | Third quintile | 21,386 (14.0) | | Second quintile | 18,872 (12.3) | | First quintile (lowest) | 19,479 (12.7) | | Covered by medical aid | 264 (0.2) | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 2.8 | | Alcohol intake | 73,523 (48.0) | | Smoking status | | Nonsmoker | 100,075 (65.3) | | Ex-smoker | 16,721 (10.9) | | Current smoker | 36,369 (23.7) | | Regular physical activity | 15,062 (9.8) | | Comorbidities | | Hypertension | 52,257 (34.1) | | Diabetes mellitus | 14,799 (9.7) | | Dyslipidemia | 25,234 (16.5) | | Renal disease | 328 (0.2) | | History of malignancy | 15,337 (10.0) | | Blood pressure | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.8 ± 16.6 | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.8 ± 10.8 | | Laboratory findings | | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.8 ± 36.1 | | Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL) | 97.9 ± 27.8 | | Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 26.6 ± 16.1 | | Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 25.9 ± 20.2 | | Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 40.0 ± 56.1 | | Proteinuria (≥1 + in dip stick test) | 4,948 (3.2) | | Oral health status | | Presence of periodontal disease | 30,580 (20.0) | | Number of tooth loss | | 0 | 115,483 (75.4) | | 1–7 | 34,077 (22.2) | | 8–14 | 2,147 (1.4) | | ≥15 | 1,458 (1.0) | | Oral hygiene care | | Dental clinic visits for any causes | 67,211 (43.9) | | Frequency of tooth brushings (times/day) | | 0-1 | 21,382 (14.0) | | 2 | 66,089 (43.1) | | ≥3 | 65,694 (42.9) | | Competent dental care | 40,177 (26.2) |
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