Research Article
Urinary Dysfunction Is Associated with Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Degeneration in Early and Untreated Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Variable | PD patients (n = 275) | Healthy controls (n = 149) | value |
| Age, years | 60.96 ± 10.02 | 60.23 ± 11.45 | 0.750 | Sex, Male % | 64.7 | 65.1 | 0.939 | PD duration | 6.65 ± 6.38 | — | — | Hoehn and Yahr stage | 1.54 ± 0.51 | — | — | MDS-UPDRS Part III | 20.16 ± 9.03 | — | — | RBDSQ | 3.85 ± 2.53 | 2.78 ± 2.29 | <0.001 | GDS-15 | 1.97 ± 2.29 | 1.12 ± 2.06 | <0.001 | STAI State | 31.39 ± 8.83 | 27.28 ± 7.78 | <0.001 | STAI Trait | 30.91 ± 8.46 | 28.46 ± 7.17 | 0.002 | ESS | 5.78 ± 3.52 | 5.63 ± 3.47 | 0.745 | MoCA | 27.18 ± 2.32 | 28.28 ± 1.10 | <0.001 | UPSIT | 22.75 ± 8.17 | 34.20 ± 5.04 | <0.001 | Storage symptoms (total) | 3.02 ± 2.05 | 2.28 ± 1.46 | <0.001 | Urgency | 0.40 ± 0.66 | 0.12 ± 0.33 | <0.001 | Urinary incontinence | 0.27 ± 0.52 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | <0.001 | Frequency | 1.05 ± 0.82 | 0.85 ± 0.69 | 0.019 | Nocturia | 1.31 ± 0.87 | 1.23 ± 0.84 | 0.469 | Voiding symptoms (total) | 0.87 ± 1.06 | 0.57 ± 0.89 | 0.002 | Incomplete emptying | 0.42 ± 0.63 | 0.27 ± 0.54 | 0.007 | Weak stream of urine | 0.44 ± 0.66 | 0.30 ± 0.54 | 0.027 |
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