Clinical Study
Altered Body Composition and Increased Resting Metabolic Rate Associated with the Postural Instability/Gait Difficulty Parkinson’s Disease Subtype
Table 1
Demographic and BIA parameters of PD patients and control subjects.
| | Variables | PD patients (n = 64) | Controls (n = 52) | value | | Mean | SD or % | Mean | SD or % |
| | Age (years) | 67 | ±12 | 64 | ±12 | 0.107 | | Gender | | | | | | | Male | 31 | 48.4% | 29 | 55.8% | 0.549 | | Female | 33 | 51.6% | 23 | 44.2.0% | | | Hypertension (n) | 27 | 42.2% | 16 | 30.8% | 0.283 | | Diabetes mellitus (n) | 9 | 14.1% | 11 | 21.2% | 0.448 | | Thyroid disease (n) | 7 | 10.9% | 7 | 13.5% | 0.898 | | Usual weight (kg) | 69 | ±14.1 | 65 | ±9.73 | 0.053 | | Actual weight (kg) | 70.7 | ±16.1 | 74.9 | ±15.0 | 0.156 | | Self-reported weight change (kg) | 1.4 | ±16.2 | 10.3 | ±11.7 | 0.001 | | Height (cm) | 162.0 | ±11.4 | 164.2 | ±8.3 | 0.252 | | Proteins (kg) | 9.1 | ±2.4 | 10.7 | ±11.7 | 0.276 | | Lean mass (kg) | 44.1 | ±11.8 | 43.8 | ±9.7 | 0.920 | | Minerals (kg) | 3.4 | ±0.7 | 3.2 | ±0.7 | 0.401 | | Fat-free mass (kg) | 47.3 | ±11.8 | 46.9 | ±9.8 | 0.859 | | Body fat mass (kg) | 23.2 | ±9.5 | 28.3 | ±10.2 | 0.007 | | Musculoskeletal mass (kg) | 26.2 | ±8.7 | 25.5 | ±6.0 | 0.614 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 | ±4.6 | 27.8 | ±4.9 | 0.296 | | Body fat percentage (%) | 32.5 | ±10.0 | 36.6 | ±8.8 | 0.024 | | Intracellular water (L) | 21.1 | ±5.5 | 21.1 | ±4.6 | 0.991 | | Extracellular water (L) | 13.6 | ±3.3 | 13.4 | ±2.6 | 0.686 | | Basal metabolic rate (kcal/day) | 1,390.1 | ±254.9 | 1,382.9 | ±210.6 | 0.869 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 81.3 | ±11.7 | 92.2 | ±13.5 | ≤0.001 | | Visceral fat area (cm2) | 102.5 | ±40.8 | 130.6 | ±36.1 | ≤0.001 | | Bone mineral content (kg) | 2.8 | ±0.7 | 2.7 | ±0.5 | 0.975 | | Body cell mass (kg) | 29.7 | ±8.6 | 30.7 | ±7.2 | 0.485 | | Arm circumference (cm) | 29.9 | ±4.4 | 32.1 | ±4.1 | 0.007 | | Right leg (kg) | 6.2 | ±1.9 | 5.8 | ±1.4 | 0.227 | | Right leg weight proportion (kg) | 104.0 | ±16.9 | 93.3 | ±10.4 | ≤0.001 | | Left leg (kg) | 7.9 | ±2.5 | 7.5 | ±1.8 | 0.388 | | Left leg weight proportion (kg) | 103.5 | ±16.6 | 93.7 | ±9.7 | ≤0.001 | | PD history and severity | | | | | | | Disease duration (years) | 8.5 | ±6.4 | | | | | Age at onset (years) | 55.6 | ±6.3 | | | | | Hoehn and Yahr stage | | | | | | | Stage I (n) | 5 | 8.1% | | | | | Stage II (n) | 9 | 14.5% | | | | | Stage III (n) | 28 | 45.2% | | | | | Stage IV (n) | 28 | 29.0% | | | | | Stage V (n) | 2 | 3.2% | | | | | UPDRS part II | 18.3 | ±8.8 | | | | | UPDRS part III | 31.1 | ±15.4 | | | | | Levodopa daily dose (mg/day) | 482.8 | ±432.8 | | | |
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BMI: body mass index. All values are expressed as mean ± SD or as absolute numbers and percentage. The statistics used were t-test and χ2 test.
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