Altered Body Composition and Increased Resting Metabolic Rate Associated with the Postural Instability/Gait Difficulty Parkinson’s Disease Subtype
Table 2
Demographic and BIA parameters of PD-T + indeterminate and PD-PIGD patients.
Variables
PD-TD + indeterminate (n=25)
PD-PIGD (n=39)
value
Mean
SD or %
Mean
SD or %
Age (years)
65
±11
69
±13
0.175
Gender
Male
9
36.0%
22
56.4%
0.181
Female
16
64.0%
17
43.6%
Evolution (years)
9
5.0%
8
7.0%
0.386
Hypertension (n)
11
44.0%
16
41.0%
0.814
Diabetes mellitus (n)
4
16.0%
5
12.8%
0.721
Thyroid disease (n)
3
12.0%
4
10.3%
0.827
Usual weight (kg)
66
±13.1
71
±14.4
0.125
Actual weight (kg)
70.6
±15.7
70.8
±16.5
0.961
Self-reported weight change (kg)
4.8
±15.7
−0.8
±16.4
0.181
Height (cm)
159.5
±11.9
163.7
±11.0
0.152
Proteins (kg)
8.4
±2.1
9.5
±2.5
0.078
Lean mass (kg)
41.0
±9.5
46.0
±12.7
0.095
Minerals (kg)
3.1
±0.7
3.5
±0.7
0.021
Fat-free Mass (kg)
43.6
±10.1
49.6
±12.4
0.049
Body fat mass (kg)
26.6
±10.1
21.1
±8.5
0.020
Musculoskeletal mass (kg)
23.6
±6.1
27.9
±9.8
0.057
BMI (kg/m2)
28.1
±5.2
26.1
±4.1
0.092
Body fat percentage (%)
37.6
±9.5
29.2
±9.1
0.001
Intracellular water (L)
19.5
±4.5
22.1
±5.8
0.054
Extracellular water (L)
12.5
±2.9
14.3
±3.4
0.031
Basal metabolic rate (kcal/day)
1,311.4
±217.2
1,440.6
±266.8
0.047
Waist circumference (cm)
85.8
±11.2
78.5
±11.3
0.014
Visceral fat area (cm2)
121.0
±41.5
90.6
±36.2
0.003
Bone mineral content (kg)
2.6
±0.7
2.8
±0.7
0.177
Body cell mass (kg)
27.7
±6.6
30.9
±9.5
0.146
Arm circumference (cm)
30.5
±5.4
29.5
±3.6
0.390
Right leg (kg)
5.4
±1.6
6.7
±2.0
0.007
Right leg weight proportion (kg)
94.3
±15.2
110.2
±15.0
≤0.001
Left leg (kg)
6.8
±2.1
8.6
±2.5
0.004
Left leg weight proportion (kg)
94.2
±15.5
109.5
±14.6
≤0.001
UPDRS-I
3.8
±2.0
3.9
±2.8
0.060
UPDRS-II
16.2
±5.9
19.4
±9.6
0.028
UPDRS-III
26.48
±10.24
34.05
±17.42
0.037
UPDRS-IV
4.48
±3.16
4.78
±3.00
0.504
Dyskinesias
5
20%
6
15.4%
0.228
None (n)
20
80%
33
84.6%
1–25% (n)
1
4%
3
7.7%
26–50% (n)
2
8%
2
5.1%
51–75% (n)
2
8%
0
0%
76–100% (n)
0
0%
1
2.6%
Wearing off
20
80%
29
74.4%
0.270
None (n)
6
24%
9
23.1%
1–25% (n)
6
24%
10
25.6%
26–50% (n)
7
28%
6
15.4%
51–75% (n)
4
16%
9
23.1%
76–100% (n)
2
8%
5
12.8%
Levodopa daily dose (mg/day)
542.00
±465.63
444.87
±412.16
0.296
BMI: body mass index; PD-TD + indeterminate: Parkinson’s disease tremor dominant and indeterminate; PD-PIGD: Parkinson’s disease postural instability/gait difficulty. All values are expressed as mean ± SD or as absolute numbers and percentage. The statistics used were t-test and χ2 test.
