Evaluation of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Intensive Care Units: A Cohort Study

Table 1

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the study groups.

Variables	PD (n = 231)	NPD (n = 462)	value
Admission characteristics
Male gender, n (%)	116 (50.2)	232 (50.2)	1
Age, mean ± SD	77.7 ± 9.6	77.9 ± 9.6	0.837
Private healthcare, n (%)	171 (74.0)	354 (76.6)	0.453
Source of transfer to the ICU, n (%)
Emergency room	114 (49.4)	199 (43.1)	<0.001
Surgical room	65 (28.1)	171 (37.0)
Ward	52 (22.5)	66 (14.3)
Another hospital or ICU	0 (0.0)	26 (5.6)
Reason for admission, n (%)
Neurological	35 (15.2)	53 (11.5)	<0.001
Abdominal	6 (2.6)	29 (6.3)
Cardiological	8 (3.5)	36 (7.8)
Respiratory	9 (3.9)	48 (10.4)
Renal/metabolic	7 (3.0)	14 (3.0)
Trauma	40 (17.3)	67 (14.5)
Elective surgery	41 (17.7)	133 (28.8)
Sepsis	85 (36.8)	82 (17.7)
Clinical condition on ICU admission
Lower level of consciousness^#, n (%)^a	163 (73.1)	192 (43.9)	<0.001
Glasgow score, median (IQR)	14 (11–15)	15 (13–15)	<0.001
Requirement of hemodynamic support with VAD, n (%)^b	14 (6.28)	57 (13)	0.008
Requirement of IMV, n (%)^a	44 (19.7)	77 (17.6)	0.507
APACHE II score in the first 24 hours, median (IQR)	17 (12–23)	15 (11–22)	0.007
SOFA score in the first 24 hours, median (IQR)^c	4 (2–6)	3 (2–5)	0.118
ICU outcome variables
Days of hospitalization, median (IQR)	3 (2–8)	3 (1–6)	0.027
Mortality, n (%)	41 (17.7)	95 (20.6)	0.219
Death with some level of ALS limitation, n (%)^d	25 (86.2)	45 (69.2)	0.123
Discharge with some level of ALS limitation, n (%)^e	22 (15.2)	24 (8.6)	0.038
Glasgow score at discharge, median (IQR)	14 (12–15)	15 (14–15)	<0.0018

PD, group with Parkinson’s disease; NPD, group without Parkinson’s disease; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; VAD, vasoactive drug; ICU, intensive care unit; ALS, advanced life support; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range. ^#This variable was dichotomized by Glasgow score at admission, and any score ≤14 indicated lower level of consciousness. Missing data: ^a8 in the PD group and 25 in the NPD group; ^b8 in the PD group and 24 in the NPD group; ^c74 in the PD group and 207 in the NPD group; ^d16 in the PD group and 28 in the NPD group; ^e45 in the PD group and 87 in the NPD group. Significance of Fisher’s exact test. Significance of Student’s t-test. Significance of the chi-square test. Significance of the Mann–Whitney test.