Intraoperative Quantitative Measurements for Bradykinesia Evaluation during Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery Using Leap Motion Controller: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Results of OC task statistical analysis.

OC feature	Preoperative	Intraoperative	-value	Correlation with MDS-UPDRS item
Velocity ()
(mm/s)	187.37 ± 43.02	208.51 ± 52.83	0.079^a	−0.229
	−0.14 ± 0.23	−0.03 ± 0.14	0.104^a	−0.356
	0.21 ± 0.12	0.20 ± 0.07	0.732^a	0.085
Frequency ()
(Hz)	1.58 ± 0.39	1.67 ± 0.48	0.176^a	−0.250
	0.01 ± 0.18	0.02 ± 0.1	0.829^a	−0.133
	0.19 ± 0.11	0.20 ± 0.08	0.679^a	−0.085
Amplitude ()
(mm)	58.04 ± 9.66	59.85 ± 6.53	0.521^a	−0.124
	−0.07 (−0.19, 0.02)	−0.03 (−0.05, 0.01)	0.028^b	−0.345
	0.15 ± 0.12	0.09 ± 0.07	0.034^a	0.231

OC, hand opening/closing; Δ, change; CV, coefficient of variation; PD, Parkinson’s Disease; MDS-UPDRS-III, International Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. a: these P values were determined using paired t tests. b: these P values were determined using the Wilcoxon test. Asterisks () indicate significant correlations between kinematic parameters and the score on the corresponding MDS-UPDRS item: ; .