Progression of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease by Sex and Motor Laterality

Figure 4

Progression of NMS in PD cohort categorized by laterality of motor symptoms at onset. NMS mean scores were categorized by laterality of motor symptom onset (left or right) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls (HC) and mean scores for each scale were graphed for follow-up visits up to 7 years. NMS scales analyzed are displayed A through P indicating the score range in the title of individual graphs. Higher number indicates more dysfunction except for MoCA Cognition (J). Differences in mean scores within PD cohort (left vs. right) were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons for each time point. Statistically significant differences between PD Left and PD Right are indicated by an asterisk. Statistically significant ANOVA interaction of time and cohort on NMS scale are indicated by #. .

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