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| First author (year) | Region | Study type | Study period | Age | Total number | Intervention | Comparison | Treatment cycle | Follow-up | Conclusion |
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| Govier FE (2001) | USA | Clinical trial; prospective | 2000-2001 | 57.4 | 53 | Percutaneous PTNS | Baseline | Weekly | 12 weeks | Reduction in mean daytime, nighttime voiding frequencies, and urge incontinence. Improvements in quality of life (QoL) indexes |
| Rostaminia G (2019) | USA | Retrospective | January 2011-December 2017 | 72.7 | 162 | Percutaneous PTNS | Baseline | Once a week | 12 weeks | Improvement in all three OAB symptoms and QoL |
| Jacomo RH (2020) | Brazil | Clinical trial | August 2017 to October 2018 | 68.62 | 50 | Transcutaneous PTNS | Transcutaneous para sacral nerve stimulation (TPSNS) | Twice a week | 4 weeks | Both groups’ symptoms improved as measured by the ICIQ-OAB and ICIQSF, but TPTNS is more effective than TPSNS |
| Ramírez‐García I (2019) | Barcelona | Case control; retrospective | 2015 and 2016 | 59.6 | 68 | Transcutaneous PTNS | Percutaneous PTNS | Weekly | 12 weeks | Both techniques lessened urgency incontinence, daytime frequency, and greatly improved the QoL |
| Padilha JF (2020) | Brazil. | Randomized controlled trial | 2019-2020 | >18 years | 99 | Transcutaneous PTNS | TPSNS and placebo | Weekly | 12 weeks | NA |
| Martin-Garcia M (2019) | England | Randomized controlled trial | March 2015 and April 2016 | Over 18 years | 66 | Transcutaneous PTNS | Percutaneous PTNS | Flexible home-based sessions | 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months | Similar positive result in both groups with less frequency, urgency, and improvement in QoL |
| Seth JH (2018) | England | Case control; retrospective | N\A | 46.4 | 48 | Transcutaneous PTNS | Baseline | Once daily or weekly | 3, 8, 12, and 16 weeks | Significantly effective in the decrease of all OAB symptoms for treated patients |
| Ghijselings, L (2021) | Belgium | Randomized controlled trial | 2021 | 5-12 | N\A | Transcutaneous PTNS | Percutaneous PTNS and sham control | NA | 12 weeks | TPTNS is significantly effective like PPTNS in the management of OAB symptoms |
| H.M.K (2017) | USA | Case control; retrospective | N\A | 54 | 15 | BlueWind Medical, Herzliya, Israel | Baseline | 6 times per week | 1 and 3 months | Safe, effective, and well-tolerated the modality in OAB patient treatment |
| Dorsthorst | — | Prospective | — | 56.1 | 34 | BlueWind RENOVA iStim system | Baseline | Automatic | 36 months | The OAB symptoms significantly improved in treatment group. |
| MacDiarmid (2019) | USA and New Zealand | Prospective | — | 63.4 | 46 | eCoin | Baseline | Automated stimulation sessions | 3 and 6 months | eCoin showed safe and effective method in the treatment of OAB |
| Alexandra Rogers (2021) | USA | Cohort study; prospective | August 14, 2018, to April 2, 2019 | 63.9 | 137 | eCoin | Baseline | Automated stimulation sessions | 48 weeks | eCoin demonstrated clinical benefits for treating overactive bladder |
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