Parkinsonics: A Randomized, Blinded, Cross-Over Trial of Group Singing for Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease

Table 1

Demographics, vocal, and VRQOL measures.

Measure	Singing first-S (n = 13)	Discussion first-D (n = 13)	value
Age (years)	70.5 (6.9)	66.7 (10.1)	<0.001
Gender	9 male/4 female	7 male/6 female	<0.001
Hoehn & Yahr stage	2.15 (0.36)	2.42 (0.43)	<0.001
Cookie theft (CT) average (avg) loudness week (wk) 0 (dB)	51.9 (5.5)	57.9 (5.3)	0.012
CT avg loudness wk 12	52.1 (5.6)	57.0 (6.6)	0.057
CT avg loudness wk 24	54.7 (5.6)	59.0 (5.1)	0.050
CT avg loudness wk 30	55.7 (4.5)	57.7 (5.4)	0.139
CT minimal (min) loudness wk 0	30.7 (3.0)	37.3 (5.4)	<0.001
CT min loudness wk 12	33.7 (3.5)	34.3 (4.0)	0.687
CT min loudness wk 24	37.7 (5.4)	39.1 (5.7)	0.479
CT min loudness wk 30	42.3 (3.5)	41.7 (3.7)	1
CT maximal (max) loudness wk 0	67.4 (5.1)	71.4 (5.0)	0.081
CT max loudness wk 12	66.1 (4.8)	71.5 (4.9)	0.012
CT max loudness wk 24	66.7 (5.5)	71.2 (5.8)	0.081
CT max loudness wk 30	67.3 (4.5)	69.9 (5.2)	0.223
Rainbow passage (RP) avg loudness wk 0	55.0 (7.6)	60.8 (4.8)	0.057
RP avg loudness wk 12	53.4 (9.3)	60.8 (5.2)	0.039
RP avg loudness wk 24	56.5 (6.5)	61.3 (4.9)	0.057
RP avg loudness wk 30	57.3 (6.0)	61.1 (4.2)	0.123
RP min loudness wk 0	31.8 (3.2)	37.2 (5.2)	0.001
RP min loudness wk 12	33.4 (3.8)	34.3 (3.4)	0.511
RP min loudness wk 24	37.0 (4.6)	40.4 (4.0)	0.050
RP min loudness wk 30	41.8 (4.7)	41.7 (3.8)	0.852
RP max loudness wk 0	69.5 (5.5)	73.6 (4.3)	0.081
RP max loudness wk 12	69.4 (7.3)	74.1 (5.0)	0.081
RP max loudness wk 24	73.7 (10.6)	73.5 (6.1)	0.687
RP max loudness wk 30	71.2 (8.6)	73.6 (5.6)	0.32
Voice-related quality of life (VRQOL) total wk 0	18.8 (8.3)	21.7 (9.5)	0.479
VRQOL total wk 12	19.4 (7.4)	23.7 (10.4)	0.264
VRQOL total wk 24	20.8 (10.5)	22.2 (7.9)	0.538
VRQOL total wk 30	16.6 (5.4)	21.75 (10.5)	0.266