Research Article
Resistance Training Combined with Balance or Gait Training for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Table 2
Comparison of the effects of stability resistance training and gait resistance training.
| | | SRT | GRT | | Pre (n = 13) | Post (n = 13) | Follow-up (n = 11) | Pre (n = 13) | Post (n = 13) | Follow-up (n = 11) | Effects between the groups§ | | Mean | (±SD) | Mean Δ† | ES | Mean Δ‡ | ES | Mean | (±SD) | Mean Δ† | ES | Mean Δ‡ | ES | F | value |
| | UPDRS-III (0–56) | 45.31 | (12.32) | −2.46 | −0.24 | −1.73 | −0.22 | 44.38 | (11.52) | −2.38 | −0.26 | −2.36 | −0.36 | 0.001 | 0.984 | | FR (cm) | 25.31 | (6.613) | +3.62 | +0.52 | +2.91 | +0.52 | 25.54 | (4.79) | +2.77 | +0.50 | −1.27 | −0.36 | 0.118 | 0.735 | | TUG (s) | 8.92 | (1.61) | −1.00 | −0.55 | −0.37 | −0.36 | 9.58 | (2.52) | −0.46 | −0.21 | +0.21 | +0.20 | 0.453 | 0.507 | | 6 MWT (m) | 497.38 | (45.78) | +16.12 | +0.24 | +19.14 | +0.52 | 429.38 | (87.35) | +37.46 | +0.62 | +5.18 | +0.10 | 0.744 | 0.397 | | Perceived exertion (0–10) | 5.25 | (1.71) | −0.58 | −0.30 | +0.73 | +0.46 | 5.08 | (2.14) | −0.08 | −0.05 | +0.64 | +0.30 | 0.646 | 0.429 | | Max. force (kp) | 24.50 | (8.89) | +2.17 | +0.80 | +1.36 | +0.33 | 19.71 | (13.00) | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.18 | −0.04 | 31.262 | 0.030 | | Stride length (cm)n | 75.99 | (17.94) | +2.23 | +0.33 | +2.84 | +0.14 | 64.51 | (22.64) | +12.00 | +1.09 | −3.09 | −0.28 | 3.066 | 0.093 | | Stride length variability (cm) | 5.43 | (3.99) | −1.87 | −0.49 | +0.56 | +0.25 | 3.33 | (1.22) | -0.82 | -0.61 | 0.00 | +0.01 | 0.897 | 0.353 | | Step width (cm) | 12.18 | (4.95) | −0.32 | −0.14 | −0.55 | −0.30 | 13.91 | (5.03) | -0.40 | -0.18 | −1.17 | −0.63 | 0.007 | 0.933 | | Step width variability (cm) | 2.43 | (0.67) | −0.44 | −0.54 | +0.38 | +0.74 | 1.41 | (0.71) | +0.13 | +0.19 | −0.28 | −0.22 | 3.671 | 0.067 | | Stance phase (%) | 67.18 | (2.68) | +0.21 | +0.06 | −0.54 | −0.19 | 69.24 | (2.75) | -0.52 | -0.27 | +0.26 | +0.14 | 0.417 | 0.525 | | Double support phase (%) | 35.89 | (5.68) | +0.25 | +0.05 | −1.88 | −0.35 | 35.88 | (11.92) | +1.61 | +0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.151 | 0.701 | | Cadence (steps/min)n | 94.41 | (15.08) | −2.41 | −0.17 | +4.58 | +0.35 | 98.35 | (18.00) | -3.01 | -0.18 | +2.04 | +0.31 | 0.010 | 0.922 | | Walking speed (km/h) | 2.11 | (0.53) | 0.00 | 0.00 | +0.23 | +0.48 | 1.82 | (0.45) | +0.36 | +1.33 | −0.04 | −0.08 | 7.701 | 0.011 | | Walk ratio (mm/(step/min))n | 4.21 | (1.44) | +0.27 | +0.23 | −0.18 | −0.23 | 3.55 | (1.76) | +0.59 | +0.43 | −0.28 | −0.54 | 0.381 | 0.543 | | Foot roll line (cm)n | 20.51 | (3.55) | +0.71 | +0.17 | +0.47 | +0.23 | 19.34 | (4.69) | +1.7.9 | +0.74 | −0.16 | −0.12 | 0.646 | 0.429 |
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(trend); ; ; Δ †delta post-pre; Δ ‡delta follow-up - post; §post-pre; ES: effect size; nnormalized. SRT: stability resistance training; GRT: gait and resistance training; UPDRS: unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale; FR: functional reach test; TUG: timed up and go test; 6 MWT: 6-minute walk test. |
