Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction

Table 1

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction modalities with their indications and commonly encountered complications.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction modality	Indications	Common complications
Endobronchial blockers	Heterogeneous Emphysema	(1) Blocker migration
		(2) Postobstructive pneumonia
Airway bypass stents	Homogenous Emphysema	(1) COPD exacerbation
		(2) Pneumonia/bronchitis
		(3) Air leak/pneumomediastinum
Endobronchial valves	Heterogeneous Emphysema	(1) COPD exacerbation
		(2) Pneumothorax
		(3) Bleeding
		(4) Pneumonia
Thermal vapor ablation	Heterogeneous Emphysema	(1) COPD exacerbation
		(2) Pneumonitis
Biological sealants	Both homogenous and heterogeneous emphysema	(1) COPD exacerbation
		(2) Pneumonia/aspiration
Airway implants/coils	Both homogenous and heterogeneous emphysema	Data not yet available