Lungs in Heart Failure

Figure 2

Tidal volume versus ventilation in patients with severe heart failure (peak VO₂ < 12 mL/min/kg, black circles), moderate to severe heart failure (peak VO₂ 12–16 mL/min/kg, black squares), moderate (peak VO₂ > 16 mL/min/kg, empty circles), and normal subjects (empty squares). From [5]. Reproduced with permission.