Impact of Clinical Factors on Generic and Disease-Specific Quality of Life in COPD and Asthma-COPD Overlap with Exacerbations
Table 1
Demographic and clinical data of patients with COPD and ACO.
COPD ()
ACO ()
value
Men
50.9%
42.6%
0.065
Age (years)
0.109
Body mass index (kg/m2) (all patients)
0.043
Body mass index (categories)
0.048
<20
9.9%
5.4%
0.082
20-24.9
28.6%
21.6%
0.087
25.0-29.9
27.9%
30.4%
0.549
>30
33.6%
42.6%
0.038
Smoking status
<0.001
Current
54.5%
39.2%
<0.001
Past
36.0%
35.1%
0.834
Never
9.5%
25.7%
<0.001
Pack-years
0.717
Educational level
0.104
Low
44.4%
43.9%
Medium
51.1%
47.3%
High
4.5%
8.8%
No. of hospitalizations and ER visits due to respiratory symptoms in the past year
0.932
0
62.4%
60.8%
1
27.7%
29.1%
≥2
9.9%
10.1%
FVC (L)
0.239
FVC (% reference)
0.237
FEV1 (L)
0.040
FEV1 (% reference)
0.007
FEV1/FVC
0.037
Inhaled therapy
<0.001
LAMA
3.1%
1.4%
0.238
LABA
0.7%
0%
0.303
LAMA+LABA
49.2%
25.7%
<0.001
LABA+ICS
3.3%
16.9%
<0.001
LABA+LAMA+ICS
43.7%
56.1%
0.006
Comorbidities
Gastroesophageal reflux
22.4%
21.0%
0.696
Ischemic heart disease
22.4%
18.9%
0.350
Hypertension
60.9%
52.7%
0.066
Myocardial infarction
4.5%
2.7%
0.312
Arrhythmia
10.8%
6.1%
0.083
Heart failure
7.8%
5.4%
0.311
Cerebrovascular event
5.7%
4.7%
0.647
Osteoporosis
7.4%
9.5%
0.646
Diabetes
12.3%
14.2%
0.167
Glaucoma
2.0%
0.7%
0.270
Benign prostate hyperplasia
13.4%
11.1%
0.623
Total number of comorbidities
0.090
Data are shown as . Data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test, -test, and tests (with post hoc analysis). ACO: asthma-COPD overlap; ER: emergency; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the 1st second; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonists; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid.
