Research Article
Impact of Clinical Factors on Generic and Disease-Specific Quality of Life in COPD and Asthma-COPD Overlap with Exacerbations
Table 4
Estimates yielded from multiple regression analysis to predict factors associated with quality of life measures.
| | COPD | ACO | CAT | EQ-5D VAS | CAT | EQ-5D VAS |
| Age | -0.018 | 0.021 | 0.031 | 0.171 | Gender | | | | | Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Female | 0.403 | -3.617a | 0.177 | -4.327 | Body mass index (kg/m2) | | | | | <20 | 0.549 | 1.820 | -1.351 | -0.773 | 20-24.9 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 25.0-29.9 | 0.863 | -2.160 | -1.891 | -2.669 | >30 | 0.769 | -0.471 | -3.407d | -7.136 | Smoking status | | | | | Current | 0.781 | 0.653 | -0.034 | -0.491 | Ex-smoker | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Pack-years | 0.029a | -0.094a | -0.006 | -0.238a | Educational level | | | | | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Medium | -0.452 | 4.208b | -0.594 | 3.009 | High | -0.903 | 1.441 | -1.046 | 10.372e | No. of hospitalizations and ER visits due to exacerbation in the past year | | | | | 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 1 | -0.722 | 0.058 | -2.598 | -0.262 | ≥ 2 | 2.257b | -0.443 | -6.772a | -6.430 | FEV1 (% reference) | -0.024 | 0.072 | -0.049 | 0.143 | Comorbidities | | | | | Absence of comorbidity | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Gastroesophageal reflux | 1.578b | 1.118 | 0.477 | 4.149 | Ischemic heart disease | -1.104d | 0.979 | -0.476 | -0.198 | Hypertension | 0.098 | 2.473 | 1.249 | -6.218e | Past myocardial infarction | 1.409 | 5.494 | 9.143 | -9.305 | Arrhythmia | 0.674 | -6.298a | 5.589e | -15.852a | Heart failure | 0.830 | -0.031 | 0.993 | -7.320 | Past cerebrovascular event | -0.404 | -3.174 | -1.922 | -6.255 | Osteoporosis | -1.508 | 0.213 | -0.183 | 4.052 | Diabetes | -0.431 | -0.235 | -3.067 | -1.123 | Glaucoma | 2.869 | -1.372 | -1 | -1 | Chronic bronchitis | -1.341a | 2.583 | -2 | -2 | Severity of symptoms in the past week | | | | | Dyspnea at rest | 0.573c | -1.286c | 0.150 | -1.302d | Dyspnea during daily activities | 0.353c | -0.398 | 0.351 | 0.808 | Cough | 0.508c | 0.405 | 0.939a | -0.143 | Sputum production, amount small | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Medium | 0.331 | -2.587 | 0.120 | 1.664 | Significant | 0.307 | -0.706 | -1.806 | -8.841 | Use of short-acting bronchodilators in the past week (% all patients) | | | | | ≤1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 2-3 | 0.006 | 2.258 | 3.870 | -11.269a | >3 | 1.194 | -3.831d | 4.593a | -6.393 |
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a, b, c, d, e. 1: not analyzed due to missing data; 2: not assessed in the ACO group; Ref.: reference category. |