Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-<mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math> Promotes Adipogenic Changes in Growth Plate Chondrocytes In Vitro

Wang, Lai; Shao, Yvonne Y.; Ballock, R. Tracy

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/PPAR/2006/67297

PPAR Research

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Special Issue

PPARs and Bone Metabolism

View this Special Issue

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2006 | Article ID 067297 | https://doi.org/10.1155/PPAR/2006/67297

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Promotes Adipogenic Changes in Growth Plate Chondrocytes In Vitro

Lai Wang,¹Yvonne Y. Shao,¹and R. Tracy Ballock¹

Received09 Apr 2006

Revised08 Jul 2006

Accepted10 Jul 2006

Published13 Sept 2006

Abstract

Chondrocytes and adipocytes are two differentiated cell types which are both derived from mesenchymal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a transcription factor involved in lineage determination during adipogenesis, is able to induce adipogenic differentiation in growth plate chondrocytes. Isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes were infected with a PPARγ adenovirus or treated with the PPARγ agonist ciglitazone. Both of these treatments resulted in lipid droplet accumulation and expression of the adipogenic markers aP2, lipoprotein lipase, and adipsin in chondrocytes. Proteoglycan matrix synthesis was decreased in the PPARγ-infected cells, as was the expression of the chondrogenic genes Col2a1 and aggrecan. Growth plate cells transfected with a PPARγ expression plasmid under the control of the collagen α1(II) promoter also demonstrated a similar adipogenic changes. Terminal differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes induced by thyroid hormone was also inhibited by overexpression of PPARγ and ciglitazone treatment, with decreased expression of alkaline phosphatase and Runx2/Cbfa1 genes. These in vitro data suggest that PPARγ is able to promote adipogenic differentiation in growth plate chondrocytes, while negatively regulating chondrogenic differentiation and terminal differentiation.

References

R T Ballock and R J O'Keefe, “Physiology and pathophysiology of the growth plate,” Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 123–143, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
R S Tuan, G Boland, and R Tuli, “Adult mesenchymal stem cells and cell-based tissue engineering,” Arthritis Research and Therapy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 32–45, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
B de Crombrugghe, V Lefebvre, R R Behringer, W Bi, S Murakami, and W Huang, “Transcriptional mechanisms of chondrocyte differentiation,” Matrix Biology, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 389–394, 2000.
View at: Google Scholar
T Komori, “Runx2, a multifunctional transcription factor in skeletal development,” Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
E D Rosen, C J Walkey, P Puigserver, and B M Spiegelman, “Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis,” Genes & Development, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1293–1307, 2000.
View at: Google Scholar
D D Jr Diascro, R L Vogel, T E Johnson et al., “High fatty acid content in rabbit serum is responsible for the differentiation of osteoblasts into adipocyte-like cells,” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 96–106, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
B Lecka-Czernik, I Gubrij, E J Moerman et al., “Inhibition of Osf2/Cbfa1 expression and terminal osteoblast differentiation by PPAR $?$ 2,” Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 357–371, 1999.
View at: Google Scholar
T Akune, S Ohba, S Kamekura et al., “PPAR $?$ insufficiency enhances osteogenesis through osteoblast formation from bone marrow progenitors,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 113, no. 6, pp. 846–855, 2004.
View at: Google Scholar
K Heermeier, P G Strauss, V Erfle, and J Schmidt, “Adipose differentiation of cartilage in vitro,” Differentiation, vol. 56, no. 1-2, pp. 45–53, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
Y Y Shao, L Wang, D G Hicks, S Tarr, and R T Ballock, “Expression and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in growth plate chondrocytes,” Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1139–1145, 2005.
View at: Google Scholar
L Wang, Y Y Shao, and R T Ballock, “Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- $γ$ (PPAR $γ$ ) represses thyroid hormone signaling in growth plate chondrocytes,” Bone, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 305–312, 2005.
View at: Google Scholar
R T Ballock and A H Reddi, “Thyroxine is the serum factor that regulates morphogenesis of columnar cartilage from isolated chondrocytes in chemically defined medium,” Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 1311–1318, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
Y Park, B D Freedman, E J Lee, S Park, and J L Jameson, “A dominant negative PPAR $γ$ mutant shows altered cofactor recruitment and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells,” Diabetologia, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 365–377, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
W Horton, T Miyashita, K Kohno, J R Hassell, and Y Yamada, “Identification of a phenotype-specific enhancer in the first intron of the rat collagen II gene,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 84, no. 24, pp. 8864–8868, 1987.
View at: Google Scholar
K Bohme, M Conscience-Egli, T Tschan, K H Winterhalter, and P Bruckner, “Induction of proliferation or hypertrophy of chondrocytes in serum-free culture: the role of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, or thyroxine,” Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 1035–1042, 1992.
View at: Google Scholar
W M Burch and H E Lebovitz, “Triiodothyronine stimulates maturation of porcine growth-plate cartilage in vitro,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 496–504, 1982.
View at: Google Scholar
A Carrascosa, M A Ferrandez, L Audi, and A Ballabriga, “Effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and identification of specific nuclear T3-binding sites in cultured human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 140–144, 1992.
View at: Google Scholar
J M Lehmann, L B Moore, T A Smith-Oliver, W O Wilkison, T M Willson, and S A Kliewer, “An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $γ$ (PPAR $γ$ ),” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 270, no. 22, pp. 12953–12956, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
J L Kelsey, R M Acheson, and K J Keggi, “The body build of patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis,” American Journal of Diseases of Children, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 276–281, 1972.
View at: Google Scholar
K H Sorensen, “Slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Clinical study on aetiology,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 499–517, 1968.
View at: Google Scholar
R T Loder, “Slipped capital femoral epiphysis,” American Family Physician, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2135–2142, 2148–2150, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 Lai Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

424

Downloads

884

Citations