Rat Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis by Dual-Acting PPAR Agonists
Figure 1
Possible mechanisms for the carcinogenic effect of dual-acting PPARα+γ
agonists in the rat urothelium. (a) Simplified view of
the rat urinary tract, showing the urothelial lining of urinary bladder,
ureters, and kidney pelvis. The star in the bladder lumen indicates the
expected predilection site for urolith residence, the ventral part of the
bladder. In the shown part of the urogenital tract, there are no gross
anatomical differences between male and female rats. The epithelial lining is
contiguous but exhibits differentiation differences through the urogenital
tract [58, 59]. The
drawing is not to scale. (b) Four possible
mechanisms for carcinogenic effect in rat urothelium by dual-acting
PPARα+γ agonist.
