Review Article
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Modulation of the Immune/Inflammatory Response in Atherosclerosis
Table 2
PPAR-mediated
immune downregulation in monocytes/macrophages, T cells, EC, and SMC.
| | Monocyte/macrophage | T cell | EC | SMC |
| | Reduced expression of
TNF-α, CCR-2, synthesis of IL-6, IL-1 by PPAR-γ. Oxidative burst
suppressed by PPAR-γ. | Reduced expression of
TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 by activation of PPAR-γ and -α. | Reduced expression of
VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin and MHC-II by PPAR-γ, -α, and -δ/β; impaired TNF-α
activation. | Reduced synthesis of
IL6, COX-2, and prostaglandin by PPAR-α. |
|
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