Microglia and Astrocyte Activation by Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation by PPAR- Agonists
Figure 11
The TZD pioglitazone inhibits astrocytic IL-12 p40
expression in response to diverse TLR ligands. Primary astrocytes were
plated at cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated
overnight. The following day, cells were pretreated for 1 hour with the
indicated concentrations of pioglitazone prior to the addition of TLR ligands.
Cell-conditioned supernatants were collected at 24 hours following TLR ligand
exposure, whereupon IL-12 p40 levels were determined by ELISA (a). The effects
of pioglitazone on astrocyte viability were assessed using an MTT assay (b).
Significant differences between astrocytes treated with TLR ligands alone
versus TLR ligands + pioglitazone are noted with asterisks . Results
presented are representative of two independent experiments.
