Microglia and Astrocyte Activation by Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation by PPAR- Agonists
Figure 12
CXCL2 release is augmented in astrocytes by 15d- in response to distinct TLR ligands. Primary astrocytes were plated at cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated overnight. The
following day, cells were pretreated for 1 hour with the indicated
concentrations of 15d- prior to the addition of Pam3Cys4 or LPS.
Cell-conditioned supernatants were collected at 24 hours following TLR ligand
exposure, whereupon CXCL2 levels were determined by ELISA (a). The effects of
15d- on astrocyte viability were assessed using an MTT assay
(b). Significant differences between astrocytes treated with TLR ligands alone
versus TLR ligands + 15d- are noted with asterisks . Results
presented are representative of two independent experiments.
