Microglia and Astrocyte Activation by Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation by PPAR- Agonists
Figure 15
TZDs exert differential effects on astrocytic CCL2
production following TLR ligand treatment. Primary astrocytes were plated
at cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated overnight. The
following day, cells were pretreated for 1 hour with the indicated
concentrations of pioglitazone (a) or troglitazone, (b) prior to the addition
of TLR ligands. Cell-conditioned supernatants were collected at 24 hours
following TLR ligand exposure, whereupon CCL2 levels were determined by ELISA
(a) and (b). Significant differences between astrocytes treated with TLR ligands
alone versus TLR ligands + TZDs are noted with asterisks . Results
presented are representative of two independent experiments.
