A Dominant-Negative PPAR Mutant Promotes Cell Cycle Progression and Cell Growth in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Figure 2
DN-PPAR promotes CASMC cell cycle G1S progression. CASMCs were cultured in serum-depleted medium (0.4% FBS) for 48 hours to induce cell cycle arrest, then infected with or without () adenovirus expressing GFP, DN-PPAR, or CA-PPAR (MOI of 40). After 24 hours, cells were cultured with vehicle (white bars) or with 20 ng/mL PDGF plus 0.1 M insulin (grey bars) for 24 hours to induce cell proliferation and then harvested and stained with propidium iodide. The fractions of G0/G1, S, and G2/M phase cells in each sample were determined by measuring the DNA content of cells per sample by flow cytometry. Results presented represent the mean ± SE of at least four independent experiments. ( versus no virus , Ad-GFP and Ad-CA; versus no virus and Ad-CA; and versus no virus, Ad-GFP and Ad-DN for the matching culture condition by 1-way ANOVA; versus matching serum-stimulated culture by Student’s -test).
