Cross-Talk between PPAR𝛾 and Insulin Signaling and Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity

Figure 3

Effects of TZDs and metformin on activation of insulin signaling proteins in tissues from individuals with type 2 diabetes. The effects of troglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone on various proteins involved in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are indicated. The effects of metformin are also shown for comparison. GDR indicates the glucose disposal rate, as a measure of insulin sensitivity. IR-PY: insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation; IRS1: insulin receptor substrate-1; PY: tyrosine phosphorylation; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase. Adapted from [26–33].