Nicotinic Acid-Mediated Activation of Both Membrane and Nuclear Receptors towards Therapeutic Glucocorticoid Mimetics for Treating Multiple Sclerosis

Figure 2

Glucocorticoids exert well-established relief from MS attacks, which last up to 30 days. Glucocorticoids exert immunoregulatory effects via transcriptional regulatory signaling in large part through GITR to IDO ([4, 5]) and IL-10 to HMOX-1 [8, 70, 71]). GITR activation is also known to lead to increased IL-10 production [72]. The representative glucocorticoid target genes of interest examined in this study with desirable effect are shown in bold. Multiple sclerosis patients are specifically lacking in CD46-stimulated IL-10 secretion and suffer from an over-proliferation of myelin autoreactive T cells.