Regulation of Immune Responses and Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by PPARs
Table 2
The effects of PPARα agonists in EAE.
Agonists (concentration)
Effects on immune cells
Effects on CNS cells
References
Gemfibrozil (500 ug/day)
Suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Increase IL4 production in T cells. Inhibit IFNγ production. Inhibit the encephalitogenicity of MBP-primed T cells. Switch the immune response from a Th1 to a Th2 profile. Increase GATA-3 expression and decrease T-bet expression. Regulate the IL-4 and IL-5 genes.
Reduce NO production by microglia. Inhibit IL-1and IL-6 production by astrocytes.
Lovett-Racke [59], Dasgupta et al. [60], Gocke et al. [31]
Fenofibrate
Suppress lymphocyte proliferation
Inhibit NO production by microglial cells and astrocytes. Inhibit TNF-expression, IL-1and IL-6 production by astrocytes. Inhibit NF-κB binding activity in astrocytes. Repress IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-27p28 production by microglia.