PPARγ Promotes Growth and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer Cells

Figure 5

PPARγ knockdown attenuates both flank and thyroid orthotopic tumor growth of HTh74 anaplastic cancer cells. (a) 5 × 10⁶ HTh74 cells stably expressing a scrambled (scr) control (𝑛=8) or PPARγ shRNA (𝑛=10) were injected sc into the right flank of an athymic nude mouse. Tumors were monitored visually and harvested after 8 weeks and measured in 3 dimensions with calipers. Final tumor volume was calculated with the following equation: volume (mm³) = L * W * D * 0.523. Mean ± SEM is reported (*, 𝑃=0.023, two-tailed 𝑡-test). (b) 0.5 × 10⁶ HTh74 cells stably expressing a scrambled (scr) control (𝑛=9) or PPARγ shRNA (𝑛=8) were injected into the right thyroid lobe of an athymic nude mouse. Tumors were excised after 8 weeks and measured with calipers as before. The mean tumor volume ± SEM is reported (*, 𝑃=0.049, two-tailed 𝑡-test).

(a) Flank Xenograft

(b) Thyroid Tumor