Downregulation of the Proinflammatory State of Circulating Mononuclear Cells by Short-Term Treatment with Pioglitazone in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease

Table 3

mRNA expression of NFκB and NFκB-modulated cytokines in circulating peripheral mononuclear cells at baseline and after 4 weeks of therapy with pioglitazone or placebo (reference gene: ß-actin).

	Pioglitazone		Placebo
	Baseline	Endpoint	Baseline	Endpoint
p105 (p50 subunit of NF-κB)	1.63±0.80	1.33±0.46^∗	1.35±0.66	1.42±0.91^+
RelA (p65 subunit of NF-κB)	1.20+0.74	0.95±0.44^∗	1.05±0.42	1.07±0.45^+
IκB-α	1.28±1.15	1.30±1.14	1.13±0.97	1.04±0.75
IκB-β	3.17±2.05	3.30±2.41	2.78±1.63	2.86±1.62
MMP-9	2.29±2.68	1.48±1.18	1.56±2.02	1.69±1.70^+
TNFα	1.88±1.20	1.70±0.93	1.81±0.94	2.02±1.28^+
MIF	0.98±0.40	0.84±0.31	0.83±0.35	0.88±0.52
IL-6	1.13±0.52	1.05±0.46	1.09±0.57	1.14±0.69

*: 𝑃<0.05 (versus baseline); ⁺: 𝑃<0.05 (between the groups for change from baseline).