PPAR𝜸 and Oxidative Stress: Con(𝜷) Catenating NRF2 and FOXO

Table 2

Main experimental data linking PPARγ to NRF2, Wnt/β-catenin, and FOXO pathways.

Interaction	Gene	Target	Effect	Tissue or cell type	Type of evidence	References
NRF2-PPARγ	NRF2	PPARγ	↑ expression	Liver, lung	In vitro; In vivo	[79–81]
	PPARγ	NRF2	↑ expression	Lung, hepatocytes, macrophages, vascular tissue	In vitro; In vivo	[73, 77, 80, 82]
Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ	Wnt/β-catenin	PPARγ	↓expression	Pre-adipocytes, adipocytes, skeleton, hepatic stellate cells, neurons, cancer cells	In vitro; In vivo	[6, 90, 117–121]
	PPARγ	Wnt/β-catenin	↓transcriptional activity; ↑ proteasomal degradation; ↑ cytoplasmic localization	Colon, small intestine, colon cancer cells, hepatocytes, myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells	In vitro; In vivo	[122–128]
FOXO-PPARγ	FOXO	PPARγ	↓ expression; ↓ activity	Adipocytes	In vitro; In vivo	[129–132]
	PPARγ	FOXO	↓ activity	Adipocytes	In vitro	[129]

↑ = increasing; ↓ = decreasing.